This chapter from the book Women and Girls Rising: Progress and Resistance Around the World (Routledge, 2015) written by Sonia Correa, Adrienne Germain, and Gita Sen, discusses the emergence of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) as a cornerstone of global women’s rights activism and as a central factor in policy conversations addressing poverty eradication, sustainable development, and the realisation of human rights. It focuses on mobilising for global policies that primarily affect women in the Global South. Feminist pursuit of South-focused SRHR began as a response to shortcomings in the conceptualisation, as well as the implementation, of “population control and family planning” policies and programmes by the United Nations system, international donors, and nation states. At the global level, and especially in the large countries of South and East Asia with authoritarian governments, population policies and programmes reflected a conviction that rapid population growth jeopardises development and environmental sustainability, and that “family planning”, achieved through greatly increased use of modern contraception, is the solution—the so-called magic bullet.